Financial Institution Risk

Credit Classification Definitions for Financial Institution Risk

Qualitative Descriptions of Financial Institution Risk for Medium and Long-Term Transactions

SOV+: Better than Sovereign

This is an exceptional classification. The entity achieving such a classification is one with an exceptionally strong credit profile which could be expected to fulfill its payment obligations during a period of sovereign debt distress or even default. International Credit Rating Agencies issue regular reports listing Corporate and Counterparty Ratings that exceed the Sovereign's Foreign Currency Rating. Except when the risk sovereign has been identified through the Sovereign Risk Assessment Methodology as being significantly higher than country risk, Participants proposing that an entity be classified as better than sovereign shall reference such better than sovereign ratings in support of their recommendation. In order to be classified as better than its host sovereign, an entity would be expected to display several or normally a majority of the following characteristics or equivalents:

A strong credit profile;
substantial foreign exchange earnings relative to its currency debt burden;
production facilities and cash generation ability from subsidiaries or operations offshore, especially those domiciled in highly rated sovereigns, i.e. multinational enterprises;
a foreign owner or a strategic partner which could be relied on as a source of financial support in the absence of a formal guarantee;
a history of preferential treatment of the entity by the sovereign, including exemption from transfer and convertibility constraints and surrender requirements for export proceeds, and favorable tax treatment;
committed credit lines from highly rated international banks, especially credit lines without a material adverse change (MAC) clause which enable banks to withdraw committed facilities in the event of a sovereign crisis or other risk events; and
assets held offshore, especially liquid assets, often as a result of rules allowing exporters to trap and maintain cash balances offshore that are available for debt service.

Normally the SOV+ buyer risk category is not applicable to:

Publicly owned entities and utilities, sub-sovereigns as line ministries, regional governments, etc;
financial institutions domiciled in the sovereign's jurisdiction; and
entities primarily operating in the domestic market in local currency.

SOV: Sovereign

Sovereign obligors/guarantors are entities that are explicitly legally mandated to enter into a debt payment obligation on the behalf of the Sovereign State, typically Ministry of Finance or Central bank . A risk designated as sovereign is one where:

the obligor/guarantor is legally mandated to enter into a debt payment obligation on behalf of the Sovereign and thereby commits the full faith and credit of the sovereign; and
in the event of rescheduling of sovereign risk, the debt in question would be included in the rescheduling and payment obligations acquired by the sovereign by virtue of the rescheduling.

CC0: Exceptionally Good Credit Quality (Equivalent to the Sovereign)

The "equivalent to sovereign" category embraces two basic types of obligors/guarantors:

Public entities where due diligence reveals that either the buyer has the implicit full faith and credit/support of the sovereign or that the likelihood of sovereign liquidity and solvency support is very high, both in relation to recovery prospects as well as default risk. Non-sovereign public entities equivalent to the sovereign would also include companies owned by the government with a monopoly or near monopoly on operations in a sector (e.g. power, oil, gas).
Financial Institutions with an exceptionally strong credit profile, displaying features in terms of both default and recovery prospects which indicate that the risk could be seen as being equivalent to sovereign. Candidates include financial institution for which the likelihood of sovereign liquidity and solvency support is exceptionally high.

Exceptionally good credit quality implies that the risk of payment interruption is expected to be negligible and that the entity has an exceptionally strong capacity for repayment and this capacity is not likely to be affected by foreseeable events. The credit quality is typically manifested in a combination of some, if not all, of the following characteristics of the entity's business and financial profile:

exceptionally good to very good earnings strength
exceptionally good to very good asset quality
exceptionally good to very low liquidity
exceptionally good to very good capital adequacy
exceptionally strong to very strong business profile

The entity is also characterized by a high quality of financial and ownership disclosure, unless there is a very high likelihood of support from a parent (or sovereign) with a buyer risk classification that is equal to or better than what corresponds to this buyer risk category.

Depending on the classification of the country in which the obligor/guarantor is domiciled, it is likely that an obligor/guarantor classified in buyer risk category CC0 would be rated between AAA (Country Category 1) and B (Country Category 7) by accredited CRAs.

CC1: Very Good Credit Quality

The risk of payment interruption is expected to be low to very low. The obligor/guarantor has a very strong capacity for repayment and this capacity is not likely to be affected by foreseeable events. The obligor/guarantor has a limited or very limited susceptibility to adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.